Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery

Shang Liu; Kai Wang; Linlin Chen; Yaoguo Huang; Xianfu Sun; Qingyan Chu; Yali Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.05.046

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Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery

Updated：2026-02-12

- Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery
- Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery
- 中国化学工程学报（英文版） 2025年88卷第12期页码：335-347
- Affiliations：
  
  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,China,255049
  2. Haidi Power Technology Co., Ltd.,Zaozhuang,China,277400
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1016/j.cjche.2025.05.046
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2025
- Accepted：
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Shang Liu, Kai Wang, Linlin Chen, 等. Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2025,88(12):335-347.

Shang Liu, Kai Wang, Linlin Chen, Yaoguo Huang, Xianfu Sun, Qingyan Chu, Yali Zhang. Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 88(12): 335-347.
Shang Liu, Kai Wang, Linlin Chen, 等. Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2025,88(12):335-347. DOI： 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.05.046.

Shang Liu, Kai Wang, Linlin Chen, Yaoguo Huang, Xianfu Sun, Qingyan Chu, Yali Zhang. Recycle of graphite and recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 88(12): 335-347. DOI： 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.05.046.

摘要

Abstract

The industrial-grade black mass of LiFePO

/LiNi

/C from spent lithium-ion battery is difficult to be recovered because of its complex composition. In this study

a recycling of graphite and comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from industrial-grade black mass of spent lithium-ion battery was proposed. Acid leaching can separate graphite and cathode materials well. The separated graphite was purified by roasting

and its electrochemical properties were tested. The specific discharge capacity of graphite purified at 600° are the best

which reach 342.46 mA·h·g

-1

at 0.1 C. After 50 cycles at 0.1 C

the capacity retention rate was 98.26%. The charge-discharge cycle stability was improved at high rates. Nearly 100% of copper can be recovered from leaching solution by electrodeposition. FePO

·2H

O is recovered by adjusting the pH of the solution to 2

and α-FePO

is obtained by roasting. Ni

Mn and Li can be recovered by precipitation separation. The optimum conditions for the recovery process was determined

and the mechanisms of the leaching and electrodeposition process were characterized by XRD

XPS

SEM-EDS.

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