Multi-functional forward osmosis draw solutes for seawater desalination
摘要
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO)
as one of the emerging desalination technologies
has the potential to produce freshwater from a variety of water sources by utilizing the osmotic pressure gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. Drawsolution
as an essential component of any FO process
can extract watermolecules fromseawater orwastewater. An ideal draw solution should meet three essential requirements
namely high osmotic pressure
low reverse flux
and facile regeneration mechanism. The selection of proper draw solutes is especially critical for an energy-efficient FO process since the energy consumption mostly arises from the separation or regeneration of the draw solution. Recently
we developed a few multi-functional FO draw solutes
mainly aiming to enhance the FO water flux and to explore facile re-concentration methods. This review summarizes these draw solutes
including Na
+
-functionalized carbon quantum dots
thermoresponsive copolymers
hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles
and thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles.
关键词
Keywords
references
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