Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures

Wang Tao; Jiang Wentao; Sheng Yuhuai; Zhou Shangyong; Meng Fanyi; Luo Zhenmin

doi:null

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures

Updated：2026-05-14

- Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures
- Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures
- 中国化学工程学报（英文） 2026年90卷第2期页码：106-120
- Affiliations：
  
  School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
  Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, Xi'an 710054, China
  Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Industrial Process Safety & Emergency Rescue, Xi'an 710054, China
  Xi'an Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety and Fire Rescue, Xi'an 710054, China
- Author bio：
  
  Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: christfer@xust.edu.cn (T. Wang)
  s18536226201@163.com(Y. Sheng).
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474250 and 52174200)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-08-11，
  
  修回：2025-09-15，
  
  录用：2025-09-16，
  
  网络首发：2025-10-30，
  
  纸质出版：2026-02
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Wang Tao, Jiang Wentao, Sheng Yuhuai, 等. Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文）, 2026,90(2):106-120.

Wang Tao, Jiang Wentao, Sheng Yuhuai, et al. Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 90(2): 106-120.
Wang Tao, Jiang Wentao, Sheng Yuhuai, 等. Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文）, 2026,90(2):106-120. DOI：

Wang Tao, Jiang Wentao, Sheng Yuhuai, et al. Experimental study on hydrogen explosion venting and flame arresting under different metal copper foam structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 90(2): 106-120. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The safe transportation of hydrogen is significantly challenged by its inherent flammability and explosivity. Mitigating explosion risks in hydrogen pipelines constitutes the primary objective of this work. Utilizing an experimental platform for explosion venting and flame-arresting

hydrogen explosion experiments were conducted to examine the influence of venting pressure

pores per inch (PPI)

porosity

and copper foam thickness on peak explosion pressure and flame-arresting performance within a pipeline. Fluent numerical simulations were employed to validate structural differences in flame-arresting materials

and the flame-arresting mechanism was analyzed in conjunction with flow field characteristics. The results indicate that as the venting pressure increases

the amount of unburned gas entering the pipeline from the container decreases

causing the secondary pressure peak to disappear and reducing the difficulty of flame arresting. The failure mechanism of 20 mm thick copper foam flame-arresting is divided into two types: the heat removal rate of the flame-arresting material and the collision consumption of active free radicals are insufficient to force the flame to quench (20 PPI

=96%) and the copper foam is damaged by the pressure wave in the pipeline

resulting in its loss of flame-arresting (60PPI

=96%). On the premise that the flame-arresting is successful

the larger the PPI

porosity

and thickness

the larger the inner cavity of the copper foam

which will enhance the pressure hindering and absorption effect

which will help the pipeline flame-arresting. This research elucidates the flame-a

rresting mechanism under pressure wave flame coupling

providing a foundational theory for the explosion venting design of industrial hydrogen storage containers.

关键词

Keywords

references

S.P. Guo, Q.B. Liu, J. Sun, H.G. Jin, A review on the utilization of hybrid renewable energy, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 91 (2018)1121—1147.

J.H. Lin, J.M. Sun, Y. Chen, J. Luo, C.W. Cui, S.C. Sun, Valorization of sludge using microwave pyrolysis for green bio-energy: combined effects of key parameters on the directional optimization of high-quality syngas, Fuel 326 (2022)125010.

R.J. Varghese, H. Kolekar, V. Hariharan, S. Kumar, Effect of CO content on laminar burning velocities of syngas-air premixed flames at elevated temperatures, Fuel 214 (2018) 144—153.

L. Gong, Q.L. Duan, J.H. Sun, V. Molkov, Similitude analysis and critical conditions for spontaneous ignition of hydrogen release into the atmosphere through a tube, Fuel 245 (2019) 413—419.

Y.C. Li, M.S. Bi, B. Li, Y.H. Zhou, W. Gao, Effects of hydrogen and initial pressure on flame characteristics and explosion pressure of methane/hydrogen fuels, Fuel 233(2018)269—282.

Y.C. Li, M.S. Bi, B. Li, Y.H. Zhou, L. Huang, W. Gao, Explosion hazard evaluation of renewable hydrogen/ammonia/air fuels, Energy 159(2018)252—263.

Z. Dong, Z.M. Luo, P. Yang, Y.Y. Yu, F.Y. Meng, J. Qu, F.M. Cheng, L.T. Liu, H. Wen, J. Deng, T. Wang, Investigation on the suppression effects of Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O—CO 2 on hydrogen-air deflagration, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 142 (2025) 447—459.

C.D. Lin, X.Y. Cao, Z.R. Wang, J.S. Wei, J.J. Xu, Research on quenching performance and multi-factor influence law of hydrogen crimped-ribbon flame arrester using response surface methodology, Fuel 326 (2022) 124911.

M. Balat, E. Kirtay, Major technical barriers to a“hydrogen economy”, Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util , Environ. Eff. 32(9)(2010)863—876.

J.H. Shi, B. Chang, F. Khan, Y.J. Chang, Y. Zhu, G.M. Chen, C.J. Zhang, Stochastic explosion risk analysis of hydrogen production facilities, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 45 (24)(2020)13535—13550.

X. Rocourt, S. Awamat, I. Sochet, S. Jallais, Vented hydrogen—air deflagration in a small enclosed volume, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 39 (35) (2014) 20462—20466.

Y. Zhang, R.K. Chen, M.K. Zhao, J.W. Luo, W.S. Feng, W.Q. Fan, Y.X. Tan, W.G. Cao, C.M. Shu, C.J. Yu, Hazard evaluation of explosion venting behaviours for premixed hydrogen-air fuels with different bursting pressures, Fuel 268 (2020) 117313.

B. Zhang, The influence of wall roughness on detonation limits in hydrogen—oxygen mixture, Combust. Flame 169(2016)333—339.

W.G. Cao, W.J. Li, S. Yu, Y. Zhang, C.M. Shu, Y.F. Liu, J.W. Luo, L.T. Bu, Y.X. Tan, Explosion venting hazards of temperature effects and pressure characteristics for premixed hydrogen-air mixtures in a spherical container, Fuel 290 (2021) 120034.

M.D. Gao, M.S. Bi, L.L. Ye, Y.C. Li, H.P. Jiang, M.R. Yang, C.C. Yan, W. Gao, Suppression of hydrogen-air explosions by hydrofluorocarbons, Process , Saf. Environ. Prot. 145(2021)378—387.

P. Yang, T. Wang, Y.H. Sheng, Y.Y. Yu, R.K. Li, B. Su, F.M. Cheng, J. Qu, J. Deng, Z. M. Luo, Recent advances in hydrogen process safety: deflagration behaviors and explosion mitigation strategies, Process , Saf. Environ. Prot. 188 (2024) 303—316.

H. Shao, S.G. Jiang, Z.Y. Wu, W.Q. Zhang, K. Wang, Application and effect of negative pressure chambers on pipeline explosion venting, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 41 (2016) 8—17.

X.H. Jiang, B.C. Fan, J.F. Ye, G. Dong, E xperimental investigations on the external pressure during venting, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 18 (1) (2005) 21—26.

J. Taveau, Correlations for blast effects from vented dust explosions, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 23 (1)(2010)15—29.

P. Quillatre, O. Vermorel, T. Poinsot, P. Ricoux, Large eddy simulation of vented deflagration, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (33)(2013)11414—11423.

Y.W. Lu, R.J. Fan, Z.R. Wang, X.Y. Cao, W.J. Guo, The influence of hydrogen concentration on the characteristic of explosion venting: explosion pressure, venting flame and flow field microstructure, Energy 293(2024)130562.

Q. Wang, X.J. Luo, C.J. Wang, Y. Liu, P.G. Zhou, B. Li, Experimental study on external explosion for vented hydrogen deflagration in a rectangular tube with different vent coefficients, Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 158 (2022) 331—339.

D. Makarov, F. Verbecke, V. Molkov, Numerical analysis of hydrogen deflagration mitigation by venting through a duct, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 20 (4—6) (2007) 433—438.

R.K. Kumar, W.A. Dewit, D.R. Greig, Vented explosion of hydrogen-air mixtures in a large volume, Combust. Sci. Technol. 66 (4—6) (1989) 251—266.

T. W ang, Y.H. Sheng, F. Nan, L.T. Liu, J. Chen, F.Y. Meng, J. Deng, J.H. Shi, Z.M. Luo, Investigation on the flame and pressure behaviors of vented hydrogenair deflagration from a duct-connected vessel: effects of venting diameter and static activation pressure, Energy 307 (2024) 132705.

J. Guo, X.Y. Liu, C.J. Wang, Experiments on vented hydrogen-air deflagrations:the influence of hydrogen concentration, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 48 (2017) 254—259.

X.J. Luo, C.J. Wang, S.C. Rui, Y. Wan, Z. Zhang, Q. Li, Effects of ignition location, obstacles, and vent location on the vented hydrogen-air deflagrations with low vent burst pressure in a 20-foot container, Fuel 280(2020)118677.

G.J. Zheng, Q.L. Bai, J.F. Cheng, Y.C. Li, W. Gao, Study on hydrogen-air explosion flameless venting with metal foam addition, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 117 (2025) 215—227.

Z.H. Nie, W. Gao, H.P. Jiang, F.Y. Zhao, G.J. Zheng, Z.L. Zhang, Flameless venting characteristics of hydrogen explosion under the coupling of carbon dioxide and metal foam, Process , Saf. Environ. Prot. 180 (2023) 375—385.

W.G. Cao, Y.F. Liu, R.K. Chen, W.J. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Xu, X. Cao, Q. Huang, Y.X. Tan, Pressure release characteristics of premixed hydrogen-air mixtures in an explosion venting device with a duct, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 46 (12) (2021) 8810—8819.

X.Y. Cao, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.R. Wang, Y.Q. Zhou, Effect of wire mesh structure parameter on the flame propagation characteristics of syngas explosion, Fuel 334 (2023) 126658.

Y.W. Lu, Z.R. Wang, X.Y. Cao, Y.Y. Cui, P.P. Sun, C.J. Qian, Interaction mechanism of wire mesh inhibition and ducted venting on methane explosion, Fuel 304 (2021) 121343.

Z.R. Wang, Y.W. Lu, X.Y. Cao, Y. Yu, J.C. Jiang, F. Jiao, S.C. Ma, Wire-mesh inhibition of jet fire induced by explosion venting, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 70 (2021)104408.

N. Zhou, P.F. Ni, X. Li, X.W. Li, X.J. Yuan, H.J. Zhao, Experimental study and numerical simulation of the influence of vent conditions on hydrogen explosion characteristics, Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util , Environ. Eff. 47 (1) (2025) 5771—5786.

Y.H. Sheng, Z.M. Luo, L.T. Liu, Z. Yang, F. Meng, Z. Dong, Y.N. Zhang, J. Qu, J. Deng, T. Wang, Experimental investigation on the vented flame and pressure behaviour of hydrogen-air mixtures, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 92 (2024) 105469.

P. Chen, F.J. Huang, Y.D. Sun, X.X. Chen, Effects of metal foam meshes on premixed methane-air flame propagation in the closed duct, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 47 (2017)22—28.

K. Zheng, J.L. Ren, C. Song, Q.H. Jia, Z.Y. Song, Z.X. Xing, Explosion behavior of nonuniform hydrogen/methane/air mixtures in the presence of copper foam, Fuel 3 68(2024) 131685.

H. Liu, C.H. Wang, M. Li, L.X. Zhou, J.H. Dai, Y.L. Zeng, Y. Li, Structural parameter optimization study of online pipeline flame arresters, Int. J. Front. Eng. Technol. 6(2024).

Y.L. Duan, Z.H. Li, Z.Y. Wen, S.L. Lei, L.L. Zheng, W. Huang, H.L. Jia, Effects of flame arrester core with different thicknesses on hydrogen/methane/air explosion with low hydrogen ratio, Combust. Sci. Technol. 196 (18) (2024) 4967—4981.

C.G. Qian, M.A. Liberman, Influence of flame collisions with pressure waves on tulip flame formation and its evolution in tubes with non-slip walls, Acta Astronaut. 232(2025)154—163.

S.C. Sun, G. Liu, J.X. Liu, C. Ye, J.J. Ren, M.S. Bi, Effect of porosity and element thickness on flame quenching for in-line crimped-ribbon flame arresters, J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. 50(2017)221—228.

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Oxygen distribution in bed and safety analysis during hydrogen purification process from oxygen-containing feed gas

Comparative study on pressure swing adsorption system for industrial hydrogen and fuel cell hydrogen

Numerical simulation of multicomponent hydrocarbon flow and heat transfer in a regenerative catalytic oxidizer

Numerical study on filtration characteristics of granular bed for high temperature coal pyrolysis gas

Hydrogen production from biomass waste gasification under the enhancement of catalyst-sorbent hybrid functional material synthesized from steel slag