Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Guangzhong Cao; Kaichen Zhang; Xiao Liu; Shiyi Zhang; Chenxiao Jiang; Tongwen Xu

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Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Special Issue on Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Tianjin University | Updated：2026-01-08

- Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries
- Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries
- 中国化学工程学报（英文版） 2025年86卷第10期页码：45-63
- Affiliations：
  
  Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,China,230026
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2025
- Accepted：
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Guangzhong Cao, Kaichen Zhang, Xiao Liu, 等. Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2025,86(10):45-63.

Guangzhong Cao, Kaichen Zhang, Xiao Liu, Shiyi Zhang, Chenxiao Jiang, Tongwen Xu. Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 86(10): 45-63.
Guangzhong Cao, Kaichen Zhang, Xiao Liu, 等. Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2025,86(10):45-63. DOI：

Guangzhong Cao, Kaichen Zhang, Xiao Liu, Shiyi Zhang, Chenxiao Jiang, Tongwen Xu. Electrodialysis and electrolysis for efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025, 86(10): 45-63. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The recycling and resource utilization of high-value metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical challenge for achieving sustainable development. While conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods dominate the industry

they suffer from significant drawbacks

including high pollution

excessive energy consumption

and suboptimal metal purity. In contrast

electrochemical recycling technology

leveraging electro-driven chemical reactions and selective ion migration

offers a promising alternative by minimizing acid/alkali usage and simplifying recovery processes

thereby enabling greener

more efficient

and energy-saving metal extraction. Based on the structural integrity of cathode materials during recycling

this review categorizes electrochemical approaches into indirect and direct recycling methods. Key aspects such as production purity

ion separation efficiency

and energy consumption in spent LIB recycling are critically examined. Furthermore

this review systematically evaluates electrodialysis and electrolysis techniques

highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Finally

from a green production perspective

we discuss prospects for cost-effective and environmentally benign LIB recycling strategies

providing insights to guide the advancement of sustainable battery recycling technologies.

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