A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin

Qiang Sun; Jinlei Wang; Xue Meng; Jie Zhang; Hong Yan

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A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin

Full Length Article | Updated：2026-01-06

- A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin
- A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin
- 中国化学工程学报（英文版） 2023年55卷第3期页码：137-147
- Affiliations：
  
  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan,China,030024
  2. Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education,Taiyuan,China,030024
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版：2023
- Accepted：
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Qiang Sun, Jinlei Wang, Xue Meng, 等. A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2023,55(3):137-147.

Qiang Sun, Jinlei Wang, Xue Meng, Jie Zhang, Hong Yan. A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 55(3): 137-147.
Qiang Sun, Jinlei Wang, Xue Meng, 等. A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文版）, 2023,55(3):137-147. DOI：

Qiang Sun, Jinlei Wang, Xue Meng, Jie Zhang, Hong Yan. A novel high-efficient P/N/Si-containing APP-based flame retardant with a silane coupling agent in its molecular structure for epoxy resin[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2023, 55(3): 137-147. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

A flame retardant containing multiple antiflaming elements usually exhibits high-efficient flame retardancy. Here

a novel P/N/Si-containing ammonium polyphosphate derivative (APTES-APP) is synthesized from ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)

via

cation exchange

which is quite different in the chemical structure from APTES-modified APP for retaining silicon hydroxyls. APTES-APP is highly efficient for the epoxy resin. 8% (mass) APTES-APP imparts excellent flame retardancy to the epoxy resin

with a V-0 rating at the UL-94 test (1.6 mm) and an LOI value of 26% (vol). The peak heat release rate and total smoke production of the flame-retardant epoxy resin are decreased by 68.1% and 31.3%

respectively. The synergy of P/N/Si contributes to the well-expanded char residue with a strong and dense surface layer

which is a very good barrier against heat and mass transfer. Besides

there is no significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of flame-retardant epoxy resin thanks to silicon hydroxyls forming hydrogen bonds with epoxy molecules. Meanwhile

other molecules can be grafted onto APTES-APP via these silicon

hydroxyls

if needed. Briefly

this work has developed a new strategy for amino silane as flame retardants. In conjunction with a low-cost and simple preparation method

APTES-APP has a promising prospect in the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy.

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