In recent years

organoid technology

i.e

.

in vitro

three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture

has attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering. Organoids are cell complexes induced by differentiation of stem cells or organ-progenitor cells

in vitro

using 3D culture technology. They can replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of the target organs

in vivo

. With the opening up of this new field of health engineering

there is a need for engineering-system approaches to the production

control

and quantitative analysis of organoids and their microenvironment. Traditional organoid technology has limitations

including lack of physical and chemical microenvironment control

high heterogeneity

complex manual operation

imperfect nutritional supply system

and lack of feasible online analytical technology for the organoids. The introduction of microfluidic chip technology into organoids has overcome many of these limitations and greatly expanded the scope of applications. Engineering organoid microfluidic system has become an interdisciplinary field in biomedical and health engineering. In this review

we summarize the development and culture system of organoids

discuss h

ow microfluidic technology has been used to solve the main technical challenges in organoid research and development

and point out new opportunities and prospects for applications of organoid microfluidic system in drug development and screening

food safety

precision medicine

and other biomedical and health engineering fields.