Crude oil scheduling optimization is an effective method to enhance the economic benefits of oil refining. But uncertainties

including uncertain demands of crude distillation units (CDUs)

might make the production plans made by the traditional deterministic optimization models infeasible. A data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust chance-constrained (WDRCC) optimization approach is proposed in this paper to deal with demand uncertainty in crude oil scheduling. First

a new deterministic crude oil scheduling optimization model is developed as the basis of this approach. The Wasserstein distance is then used to build ambiguity sets from historical data to describe the possible realizations of probability distributions of uncertain demands. A cross-validation method is advanced to choose suitable radii for these ambiguity sets. The deterministic model is reformulated as a WDRCC optimization model for crude oil scheduling to guarantee the demand constraints hold with a desired high probability even in the worst situation in ambiguity sets. The proposed WDRCC model is transferred into an equivalent conditional value-at-risk representation and further derived as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming counterpart. Industrial case studies from a real-world refinery are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Out-of-sample tests demonstrate that the solution of the WDRCC model is more robust than those of the deterministic model and the chance-constrained model.