Improved flame resistance properties of unsaturated polyester resin with TiO2-MXOY solid superacid

Xuexi Chen; Mei Wan; Ming Gao; Yanxia Wang; Deqi Yi

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.018

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Improved flame resistance properties of unsaturated polyester resin with TiO₂-M_XO_Y solid superacid

Materials and Product Engineering | Updated：2026-01-06

- Improved flame resistance properties of unsaturated polyester resin with TiO₂-M_XO_Y solid superacid
- Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 28, Issue 9, Pages: 2474-2482(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. School of Safety Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing,China,101601
  2. School of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing,China,101601
  3. National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,China,100081
- Author bio：
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.018
  CLC：
- Published：2020
- Accepted：
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DOI：

-M DOI： 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.06.018.

摘要

Abstract

Five SO

/TiO

-M

solid super acids (SSA: Cu@Ti:SSA

Zr@Ti:SSA

Fe@Ti:SSA

Mn@Ti:SSA

Mo@Ti:SSA) were successfully prepared by sol-gel method

and its chemical structure and element content were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Then

a compound flame retardant system containing SSA and ammonium polyphosphate/montmorillonite (AM) were was introduced into an unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to enhance the flame retardance. The effect of SSA on the flammability and thermal stability of the UPR was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI)

cone calorimeter test (CCT) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The LOI results showed that the flame retardance of the UPR composites was significantly improved with the addition of SSA. Moreover

their heat release rate (HRR)

total heat release (THR)

the smoke production rate (SPR) and CO and CO

yield were much decreased. In addition

the initial decomposition temperature of UPR/AM/SSA was delayed

indicating that th

eir thermal stability was increased

and the residual char of UPR/AM/SSA was also increased due to strong catalytic of SSA ability for esterification and dehydration. Furthermore

the microstructure of the residual char after combustion of the UPR composites was studied by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

and it was found that the char layer structure was more continuous and dense after the addition of the SSA. In sum up

the synergistic effect between SSA and AM was the main factor for the great improvement of flame retardant of UPR composites.

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