was developed to provide a gradual transition between zero and the first order of kinetics
and to accurately calculate the mass transfer flux and the effectiveness factor for the Monod biofilm.Values of the effectiveness factor
calculated using the new Thiele's modulus
were compared with those obtained from numerical solutions and from other published moduli and empirical formulae.The comparison indicated that the new Thiele's modulus was the best modulus for the Monod biofilm model.In addition
another Thiele's modulus
φ
G
was developed for a Monod biofilm
covered with an external water layer.The overall effectiveness factor can also be calculated by using both moduli φ
F
and φ
G
.The criteria that were proposed for identification were based on the values of φ
F
andφ
G
the limiting processes for biomass growth
and substrate conversion. Developed from φ
F
a new parameterψwas related uniquely to such features as the depth and shallowness of the generalized substrate concentration profiles inside a Monod biofilm.Criteria were developed to identify the types of concentration distribution inside a Monod biofilm.These methods were used to estimate the substrate flux and the concentration distribution of the biofilms defined in the first benchmark problem(BM1)
by a task group of the International Water Association on Biofilm Modeling.
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Mass transfer and kinetic behavior studies on cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide catalyzed by ionic liquid in microchannel reactor
The investigation of Gemini surfactant effects on CH4 and CO2 hydrates
A highly efficient La-modified ZnAl-LDO catalyst and its performance in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methyl carbamate and methanol
Kinetic study for the oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with nitric acid to adipic acid
Ionic liquid catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of chalcone and its derivatives under mild conditions
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