Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> and epoxides cycloaddition

Liu Yongxian; Feng Zhihua; Dang Zhangting; Hou Qingqing; Yu Yue; Zhao Xiaofei; Wang Lingling; He Yong; Wei Renbo; Hua Xiufu

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.026

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Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ and epoxides cycloaddition

Updated：2026-05-14

- Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ and epoxides cycloaddition
- Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 90, Issue 2, Pages: 157-167(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
  Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
  Shaanxi Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Co, Ltd, Yulin 719054, China
- Author bio：
  
  Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: yhe@dhu.edu.cn (Y. He)
  Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: weirb10@nwu.edu.cn (R. Wei)
  Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: huaxf@nwu.edu.cn (X. Hua).
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.026
  CLC：
- Received：19 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-25，
  
  Accepted：26 September 2025，
  
  Online First：20 November 2025，
  
  Published：2026-02
- Accepted：
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Liu Yongxian, Feng Zhihua, Dang Zhangting, et al. Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ and epoxides cycloaddition[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 90(2): 157-167. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.026.
DOI：

Liu Yongxian, Feng Zhihua, Dang Zhangting, et al. Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ and epoxides cycloaddition[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 90(2): 157-167. DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.026. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

Converting CO

efficiently into high-value-added chemical products represents dual value in ecological conservation and resource valorization. Designing novel catalysts integrating atom economy and process intensification constitutes the cornerstone for catalytic CO

conversion. Herein

an integrated polymeric heterogeneous catalyst is constructed by covalently anchoring functional groups of quaternary ammonium (QA) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) onto a polyurea (PU) framework

yielding PU-CuPc-QA. This catalyst is subsequently applied for CO

conversion to cyclic carbonates. Owing to the Cu

centers in phthalocyanine and urea groups from PU acting as a Lewis acid and hydrogen bond donor (

HBD) to efficiently activate epoxide

as well as nucleophilic attack of this activated epoxide by iodide ion (I-) dissociated from QA

PU-CuPc-QA facilitates ring-opening of epoxide. Moreover

the phthalocyanine rins and the QA cations in PU-CuPc-QA work as N-rich groups that can adsorb and active CO

. As a result

PU-CuPc-QA exhibits exceptional catalytic activity for CO

cycloaddition under mild conditions without adding any external co-catalysts. Specially

at 100℃

1.5 MPa of CO

6% (mass) PU-CuPc-QA achieve 99% propylene carbonate yield and selectivity after reacting with propylene oxide for 6 h. Combining its ability to catalyze and activate epoxide and CO

simultaneously

PU-CuPc-QA is a promising catalyst for CO

cycloaddition.

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Keywords

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⁰

Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 and epoxides cycloaddition

DOI：10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.026

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

Quaternary ammonium and copper phthalocyanine functionalized polyurea heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ and epoxides cycloaddition