Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

Iltaf Khan; Chunjuan Wang; Shoaib Khan; Jinyin Chen; Aftab Khan; Sayyar Ali Shah; Aihua Yuan; Sohail Khan; Mehwish K. Butt; Humaira Asghar

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Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

Full Length Article | Updated：2026-01-06

- Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation
- Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 56, Issue 4, Pages: 215-224(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1. School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang,China,212100
  2. College of Agriculture, Shihezi University,Shihezi,China,832003
  3. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,China,150030
  4. Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,China,330045
  5. Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan,94640
  6. Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad,Faisalabad,Pakistan,38040
  7. Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad,Faisalabad,Pakistan,38000
- Author bio：
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- DOI：
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- Published：2023
- Accepted：
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摘要

Abstract

In this research study

we have synthesized the bio-capped ZnO/g-C

nanocomposites by employing lemon juice (

Citrus limon

) as a stabilizer and mediator. Fruitfully

lemon juice which contains various acidic functional groups and citric acid has the capability to block the surface of g-C

from chemical reactivity and activated the surface of g-C

for various reactions. Consequently

the agglomeration behavior and controlled shape of g-C

has also been achieved. Our experimental results

i.e.

XRD

TEM

HRTEM

XPS

and PEC have confirmed that the lemon juice mediated and green g-C

(L-CN) have good performances and remarkable visible light photocatalytic activities as compared to the chemically synthesized g-C

(CN). Furthermore

the small surface area and low charge separation of g-C

is upgraded by coupling with ZnO nanoparticles. It is proved that the coupling of ZnO worked as a facilitator and photoelectron modulator to enhance the cha

rge separation of g-C

. Compared to pristine lemon-mediated green g-C

(L-CN)

the most active sample 5ZnO/L-CN showed ~ 5-fold improvement in activities for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) degradation. More specifically

the mineralization process and degradation pathways

and the mineralization process of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue (MB) are suggested. Finally

our present novel research work will provide new access to synthesize the eco-friendly and bio-caped green g-C

nanomaterials and their employment for pollutants degradation and environmental purification.

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Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

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摘要

Abstract

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Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation