A flame retardant containing multiple antiflaming elements usually exhibits high-efficient flame retardancy. Here

a novel P/N/Si-containing ammonium polyphosphate derivative (APTES-APP) is synthesized from ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)

via

cation exchange

which is quite different in the chemical structure from APTES-modified APP for retaining silicon hydroxyls. APTES-APP is highly efficient for the epoxy resin. 8% (mass) APTES-APP imparts excellent flame retardancy to the epoxy resin

with a V-0 rating at the UL-94 test (1.6 mm) and an LOI value of 26% (vol). The peak heat release rate and total smoke production of the flame-retardant epoxy resin are decreased by 68.1% and 31.3%

respectively. The synergy of P/N/Si contributes to the well-expanded char residue with a strong and dense surface layer

which is a very good barrier against heat and mass transfer. Besides

there is no significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of flame-retardant epoxy resin thanks to silicon hydroxyls forming hydrogen bonds with epoxy molecules. Meanwhile

other molecules can be grafted onto APTES-APP via these silicon

hydroxyls

if needed. Briefly

this work has developed a new strategy for amino silane as flame retardants. In conjunction with a low-cost and simple preparation method

APTES-APP has a promising prospect in the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy.