Although hydrophilic membranes are desired for reducing resistance to water permeation

hydrophilic surfaces are not used in the water-in-oil (W/O) membrane emulsification process because water spreads on the hydrophilic surface without forming droplets. Here

we report that a hydrophilic ceramic membrane can form a hydrophobic interface in diesel at a higher temperature; interestingly

the experiments show that the contact angle increases when the temperature rises. The hydrophilic membrane surface evolves into a hydrophobic interface

particularly near the boiling point of water

resulting in a water contact angle of 147.5° ±1.2°. This work established a method for preparing W/O monodispersed emulsions by direct emulsification of hydrophilic ceramic membranes at a temperature close to the boiling point of water. Additionally

it made high flux of membrane emulsification of monodispersed W/O emulsions possible

which satisfied the industrial requirements of fluidized catalytic cracking in the petrochemical industry.