Animal-derived protein production is one of the major traditional protein supply methods

which continues to face increasing challenges to satisfy global needs due to population growth

augmented individual protein consumption

and aggravated environmental pollution. Thus

ensuring a sustainable protein source is a considerable challenge. The emergence and development of food synthetic biology has enabled the establishment of cell factories that effectively synthesize proteins

which is an important way to solve the protein supply problem. This review aims to discuss the existing problems of traditional protein supply and to elucidate the feasibility of synthetic biology in the process of protein synthesis. Moreover

using artificial bioengineered milk and artificial bioengineered eggs as examples

the progress of food protein supply transition based on synthetic biology has been systematically summarized. Additionally

the future of food synthetic biology as a potential source of protein has been also discussed. By strengthening and innovating the application of food synthetic biology technologies

including genetic engineering and high-throughput screening methods

the current limitations of artificial foods for protein synthesis and production should be addressed. Therefore

the development and industrial production of new food resources should be explored to ensure safe

high-quality

and sustainable global protein supply.