Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements

Wang Yu; Meng Tong; Qin Shuang; Zheng Guocan; Du Jun; Wang Shibo; Tao Changyuan; Liu Zuohua

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Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements

Updated：2026-09-17

- Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements
- Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements
- 中国化学工程学报（英文） 2026年95卷第7期页码：347-360
- Affiliations：
  
  State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing 400044, China
  Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
- Author bio：
  
  *Corresponding author. E-mail address:liuzuohua@cqu.edu.cn(Z. Liu).
- Funds：
  
  Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization(CNMRCUKF2406);the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0014);Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2022CDJQY-005)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-10-24，
  
  修回：2026-02-21，
  
  录用：2026-02-25，
  
  网络首发：2026-04-20，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07
- Accepted：
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Wang Yu, Meng Tong, Qin Shuang, 等. Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文）, 2026,95(7):347-360.

Wang Yu, Meng Tong, Qin Shuang, et al. Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 95(7): 347-360.
Wang Yu, Meng Tong, Qin Shuang, 等. Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements[J]. 中国化学工程学报（英文）, 2026,95(7):347-360. DOI：

Wang Yu, Meng Tong, Qin Shuang, et al. Investigating flow field control mechanisms in a molten bath using POD and chaos theory with asymmetric nozzle arrangements[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 95(7): 347-360. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

The flow regulation mechanism of bottom-blowing stirring is the key to enhancing the reaction efficiency of a molten bath. Herein

proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is integrated with chaos theory for the first time to investigate the influence of asymmetric nozzle arrangements on flow field regulation and mixing performance during bottom-blowing smelting. The optimization effect of a 10◦asymmetric nozzle configuration (model III) is specifically examined through numerical simulation and analysis. The results indicate that model III effectively suppresses splashing while increasing splash height and optimizing the flow field structure

thereby markedly enhancing mixing efficiency. The Lyapunov exponent in the main flow region is 1.5—2.3 times higher than that of other models

and energy cascades across the full frequency range of 50—300 Hz. POD analysis reveals that approximately 98% of the total system energy is captured by the first 68 modes

while the first two modes together account for 71.36% of the total energy

indicating a highly efficient low-order energy representation and rapid energy transfer across dominant flow structures. The asymmetric vortex structure effectively coordinates large macroscopic vortices and small-scale eddies

thereby enhancing mixing performance. This work provides theoretical support for the optimization of bottom-blowing furnace stirring systems and demonstrates the potential of POD in metallurgical process analysis.

关键词

Keywords

references

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