

FOLLOWUS
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
School of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
*Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses:lijipeng@hainanu.edu.cn(J. Li)
*Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses:xqxiao@hainanu.edu.cn(X. Xiao).
Received:03 November 2025,
Revised:2026-01-27,
Accepted:28 January 2026,
Online First:15 April 2026,
Published:2026-07
Scan QR Code
Ren Yingqian, Wang Mingyu, Li Jipeng, et al. Computational modeling of nanoplastic particles for polymer-binding peptide interactions at atomistic resolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 95(7): 217-225.
Investigating the specific interactions between polymers and functional peptides allows for the rational discovery of polymer-binding peptides. These peptides can be applied to capture dispersed and dissolved nanoplastic particles in water. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations require that the force field accurately describe the polymers' physicochemical properties. This study utilized the generalized AMBER force field 2 (GAFF2) to simulate the folding conformations of three common polymer chains―polyethylene (PE)
polypropylene (PP)
and polystyrene (PS) ― in an aqueous solution. The power law relationship between the radius of gyration and chain length was calculated to compare theoretical predictions. Additionally
the density and heat capacity of polymer melts were simulated and compared with experimental measurements. The simulation results confirmed the reliability of the GAFF2 in describing polymers. Subsequently
we examined molecular interactions between nanoplastic particles and polymer-binding peptides in the explicit-solvent MD simulations. Binding free energy calculations revealed that theHNKSSPLTAALPpeptide exhibited the strong affinity for PE particles
followed by the TSDIKSRSPHHRpeptide for PP particles
and the HWGMWSY peptide for PS particles. van der Waals interactions are essential for the specific recognition of molecules between peptides and polymers.
D. Gola, P.K. Tyagi, A. Arya, N. Chauhan, M. Agarwal, S.K. Singh, S. Gola, The impact of microplastics on marine environment: A review, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 16 (2021) 100552.
A. Akbari, J. Jaafari, Entry pathway and potential impacts of microplastics in air, water, soil and human health: A review, Casp. J. Health Res 9 (4) (2024) 181—198.
K. Pabortsava, R.S. Lampitt, High concentrations of plastic hidden beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, Nat. Commun. 11 (2020) 4073.
S. Wagner, T. Reemtsma, Things we know and don't know about nanoplastic in the environment, Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 (4) (2019) 300—301.
A.D. Vethaak, J. Legler, Microplastics and human health, Science 371 (6530) (2021) 672—674.
C.N. Loney, S. Maheshwari, N. Pramounmat, M.J. Janik, J.N. Renner, Effects of peptide-functionalized surfaces on the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, J. Electrochem. Energy Convers. Storage 17 (4) (2020) 040801.
L.L. Zhu, H.Y. Zhao, Z.Y. Zhou, Y.H. Xia, Z.G. Wang, H.T. Ran, P. Li, J.L. Ren, Peptide-functionalized phase-transformation nanoparticles for low intensity focused ultrasound-assisted tumor imaging and therapy, Nano Lett. 18 (3) (2018) 1831—1841.
T. Sawada, M. Takizawa, T. Serizawa, Affinity-based functionalization of biomedically utilized micelles composed of triblock copolymers through polymer-binding peptides, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 5 (11) (2019) 5714—5720.
T. Sawada, S. Suzuki, T. Serizawa, Affinity-based thermoresponsive fluorescence switching of proteins conjugated with a polymer-binding peptide, Soft Matter 16 (44) (2020) 10096—10100.
R. Derda, S.K.Y. Tang, S.C. Li, S. Ng, W. Matochko, M.R. Jafari, Diversity of phage-displayed libraries of peptides during panning and amplification, Molecules 16 (2) (2011) 1776—1803.
X.Q. Xiao, P.F. Agris, C.K. Hall, Designing peptide sequences in flexible chain conformations to bind RNA: A search algorithm combining Monte Carlo, self-consistent mean field and concerted rotation techniques, J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 11 (2) (2015) 740—752.
X.Q. Xiao, P.F. Agris, C.K. Hall, Introducing folding stability into the score function for computational design of RNA-binding peptides boosts the probability of success, Proteins 84 (5) (2016) 700—711.
X.Q. Xiao, M.E. Hung, J.N. Leonard, C.K. Hall, Adding energy minimization strategy to peptide-design algorithm enables better search for RNA-binding peptides: redesigned λ N peptide binds boxB RNA, J. Comput. Chem. 37 (27) (2016) 2423—2435.
X.Q. Xiao, Y.M. Wang, J.N. Leonard, C.K. Hall, Extended concerted rotation technique enhances the sampling efficiency of the computational peptide-design algorithm, J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 13 (11) (2017) 5709—5720.
D.A. Grela, V. Zannoni, N.M. Vizioli, Studying the interaction between peptides and polymeric nanoparticles used as pseudostationary phase in capillary electrochromatography, Microchem. J. 130 (2017) 153—156.
E. Adediran, S. Vijayanand, A. Kale, M. Gulani, J.C. Wong, A. Escayg, K.S. Murnane, M.J. D'Souza, Microfluidics-assisted formulation of polymeric oxytocin nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery, Pharmaceutics 17 (4) (2025) 452.
D.H. Cho, J.I. Hahm, Protein—polymer interaction characteristics unique to nanoscale interfaces: A perspective on recent insights, J. Phys. Chem. B 125 (23) (2021) 6040—6057.
A. Maslovskis, J.B. Guilbaud, I. Grillo, N. Hodson, A.F. Miller, A. Saiani, Self-assembling peptide/thermoresponsive polymer composite hydrogels: Effect of peptide—polymer interactions on hydrogel properties, Langmuir 30 (34) (2014) 10471—10480.
R.V. Ulijn, A. Lampel, Order/disorder in protein and peptide-based biomaterials, Isr. J. Chem. 60 (12) (2020) 1129—1140.
P.A. Taylor, A. Jayaraman, Molecular modeling and simulations of peptide—polymer conjugates, Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 11 (2020) 257—276.
S.L. Baker, A. Munasinghe, H. Murata, P. Lin, K. Matyjaszewski, C.M. Colina, A. J. Russell, Intramolecular interactions of conjugated polymers mimic molecular chaperones to stabilize protein—polymer conjugates, Biomacromolecules 19 (9) (2018) 3798— 3813.
O. Bertran, D. Curcó, D. Zanuy, C. Alemán, Atomistic organization and characterization of tube-like assemblies comprising peptide—polymer conjugates: computer simulation studies, Faraday Discuss 166 (2013) 59—82.
G. Collier, N.A. Vellore, J.A. Yancey, S.J. Stuart, R.A. Latour, Comparison between empirical protein force fields for the simulation of the adsorption behavior of structured LK peptides on functionalized surfaces, Biointerphases 7 (1—4) (2012) 24.
D. Vassetti, M. Pagliai, P. Procacci, Assessment of GAFF2 and OPLS-AA general force fields in combination with the water modelsTIP3P, SPCE, and OPC3 for the solvation free energy of druglike organic molecules, J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 15 (3) (2019) 1983—1995.
Z.X. Sun, P. Procacci, Methodological and force field effects in the molecular dynamics-based prediction of binding free energies of host—guest systems, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 26 (29) (2024) 19887—19899.
S. Zhu, Validation of the generalized force fields GAFF, CGenFF, OPLS-AA, and PRODRGFFby testing against experimental osmotic coefficient data for small drug-like molecules, J. Chem. Inf. Model. 59 (10) (2019) 4239—4247.
P. Cieplak, W.D. Cornell, C. Bayly, P.A. Kollman, Application of the multimolecule and multiconformational RESP methodology to biopolymers:Charge derivation for DNA, RNA, and proteins, J. Comput. Chem. 16 (11) (1995) 1357—1377.
R. Bhowmik, S. Sihn, V. Varshney, A.K. Roy, J.P. Vernon, Calc ulation of specific heat of polymers using molecular dynamics simulations, Polymer 167 (2019) 176—181.
S.D. Cunningham, D.J. Lowe, J.P. O'Brien, H. Wang, A.E. Wilkins, Polyethylene binding peptides and methods of use, US Pat.,7906617B2, 2011.
S.D. Cunningham, D.J. Lowe, J.P. O'Brien, H. Wang, A.E. Wilkins, Polypropylene binding peptides and methods of use, US Pat., 7928076B2, 2011.
M. Vodnik, B. Strukelj, M. Lunder, HWGMWSY, an unanticipated polystyrene binding peptide from random phage display libraries, Anal. Biochem. 424 (2) (2012) 83—86.
J.A. Maier, C. Martinez, K. Kasavajhala, L. Wickstrom, K.E. Hauser, C. Simmerling, ff14SB: improving the accuracy of protein side chain and backbone parameters from ff99SB, J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 11 (8) (2015) 3696—3713.
L.X. Chen, D.R. Roe, M. Kochert, C. Simmerling, R.A. Miranda-Quintana, Kmeans NANI: An improved clustering algorithm for molecular dynamics simulations, J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 20 (13) (2024) 5583—5597.
L. Martínez, R. Andrade, E.G. Birgin, J.M. Martínez, PACKMOL: A package for building initial configurations for molecular dynamics simulations, J. Comput. Chem. 30 (13) (2009) 2157—2164.
H. Gohlke, C. Kiel, D.A. Case, Insights into protein—protein binding by binding free energy calculation and free energy decomposition for the ras—raf and ras—RalGDS complexes, J. Mol. Biol. 330 (4) (2003) 891—913.
X.Q. Xiao, B.W. Zhao, P.F. Agris, C.K. Hall, Simulation study of the ability of a computationally-designed peptide to recognize target tRNA(Lys 3) and other decoy tRNAs, Protein Sci. 25 (12) (2016) 2243—2255.
A. Rey, J.J. Freire, M. Bishop, J.H.R. Clarke, Radius of gyration and viscosity of linear and star polymers in different regimes, Macromolecules 25 (4) (1992) 1311—1315.
B. Wunderlich, Motion in polyethylene. I. Temperature and crystallinity dependence of the specific heat, J. Chem. Phys. 37 (6) (1962) 1203—1207.
C. De Rosa, F. Auriemma, P. Corradini, O. Tarallo, S. Dello Iacono, E. Ciaccia, L. Resconi, Crystal structure of the trigonal form of isotactic polypropylene as an example of density-driven polymer structure, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (1) (2006) 80—81.
U. Gaur, B. Wunderlich, Heat capacity and other thermodynamic properties of linear macromolecules. V. Polystyrene, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11 (2) (1982) 313—325.
E. Passaglia, H.K. Kevorkian, Specific heat of atactic and isotactic polypropylene and the entropy of the glass, J. Appl. Phys. 34 (1) (1963) 90—97.
R.W. Warfield, M.C. Petree, Thermodynamic properties of polystyrene and styrene, J. Polym. Sci. 55 (162) (1961) 497—505.
0
Views
0
Downloads
0
CSCD
Publicity Resources
Related Articles
Related Author
Related Institution
京公网安备11010102001993号