Temperature-dependent fluidization behavior of silica sand in a deep bubbling fluidized bed

Ali Can Sivri; Amoolya Lalsare; Gao Xi

doi:null

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Temperature-dependent fluidization behavior of silica sand in a deep bubbling fluidized bed

Updated：2026-08-24

- Temperature-dependent fluidization behavior of silica sand in a deep bubbling fluidized bed
- Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 94, Issue 6, Pages: 280-290(2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
  Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
  Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China
  Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Author bio：
  
  Corresponding author. E-mail address: acsengresearch@gmail.com(A.C. Sivri)
- Funds：
- DOI：
  CLC：
- Received：20 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-11-03，
  
  Accepted：04 November 2025，
  
  Online First：09 February 2026，
  
  Published：2026-06
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Ali Can Sivri, Amoolya Lalsare, Gao Xi. Temperature-dependent fluidization behavior of silica sand in a deep bubbling fluidized bed[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 94(6): 280-290.
DOI：

Ali Can Sivri, Amoolya Lalsare, Gao Xi. Temperature-dependent fluidization behavior of silica sand in a deep bubbling fluidized bed[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026, 94(6): 280-290. DOI：

摘要

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of temperature on the fluidization behavior of a bench-scale deep fluidized bed using Group B silica sand particles as the material. Covering a temperature range of 200℃ to 800℃

the experiments employed a transparent cold flow rig for visualizing bed behavior and a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor for pressure drop measurements at elevated temperatures. Pressure differentials over the distributor plate and bed were measur

ed at two different bed aspect ratios (3.33 and 4.83). Results show that increasing temperature from ambient to 800℃ led to a significant reduction in the minimum fluidization velocity (

)

by 27% for 200 g and 35% for 300 g bed materials. Bed aspect ratio had negligible effects on

but notably influenced bed pressure drop. Experimentally determined Archimedes (

) and Reynolds (

) numbers differed from empirical correlations

highlighting the need for further investigation into temperature effects on fluidization hydrodynamics. A new correlation for

prediction

based on experimental data

exhibited a low average error of 7.4%. These findings

along with detailed material characteristics

offer insights for future research on temperature effects in narrow-deep bubbling fluidized beds

particularly at low

. The experimental data serve as a benchmark for verifying

validating

and optimizing numerical models and scaling studies.

关键词

Keywords

references

A. Lalsare, A. Sivri, R. Egan, R.J. Vukmanovich, C.E. Dumitrescu, J.L. Hu, Biomass-Flare gas synergistic co-processing in the presence of carbon dioxide for the controlled production of syngas (H 2 :CO ~ 2-2.5), Chem. Eng. J. 385 (2020) 123783.

J. Yu, L.Q. Lu, X. Gao, Y.P. Xu, M. Shahnam, W.A. Rogers, Coupling reduced-order mo deling and coarse-grained CFD-DEM to accelerate coal gasifier simulation and optimization, AIChE J. 67 (2021) e17030.

A. Lalsare, Y.X. Wang, Q.Y. Li, A. Sivri, R.J. Vukmanovich, C.E. Dumitrescu, J.L. Hu, Hydrogen-rich syngas production through synergistic methane-activated catalytic biomass gasification, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 7 (19) (2019) 16060-16071.

A.C. Sivri, A study on the hydrodynamics of a bench-scale top-fed bubbling fluidized bed gasifier using biomass and coal as feedstocks. Ph. D. Thesis, West Virginia Univ., America,2020.

S. Wang, K. Luo, C.S. Hu, L.Y. Sun, J.R. Fan, Impact of operating parameters on biomass gasification in a fluidized bed reactor: an eulerian-lagrangian approach, Powder Technol. 333 (2018) 304-316.

A.C. Sivri, Fluidization behavior of binary mixtures of coal in a top-fed bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, in: Recent Advances for Coal Energy in the 21st Century, IntechOpen, UK,2024.

Y. Li, Y.X. Yu, C. Zhang, Z.Q. Huang, Q. Zhou, Improved filtered mesoscale interphase heat transfer model, Particuology 57 (2021) 176-186.

B. Wang, J.J. Dai, S.J. Li, Y.X. Lin, M. Patrascu, X. Gao, Coupling coarse-grained DEM-CFD and intraparticle model for biomass fast pyrolysis simulation and experiment validation, AIChE J. 70 (5) (2024) e18393.

L.Q. Lu, X. Gao, J.F. Dietiker, M. Shahnam, W.A. Rogers, MFiX based multiscale CFD simulations of biomass fast pyrolysis: a review, Chem. Eng. Sci. 248 (2022) 117131.

J. Yu, L.Q. Lu, Y.P. Xu, X. Gao, M. Shahnam, W. Rogers, Coarse-grained CFD-DEM simulation and the design of an industrial-scale coal gasifier, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61 (1) (2022) 866-881.

T. Zhou, S.L. Yang, Y.G. Wei, J.H. Hu, H. Wang, Impact of wide particle size distribution on the gasification performance of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, Renew. Energy 148 (2020) 534-547.

D. Geldart, Types of gas fluidization, Powder Technol. 7 (5) (1973) 285-292.

P. Lettieri, D. Macrì, Effect of process conditions on fluidization, KONA Powder Part. J. 33 (2016) 86-108.

R. Grim, Hydrodynamics of fluidized beds under reaction conditions, Master Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands,2015.

M.T. Lim, Z. Alimuddin, Bubbling fluidized bed biomass gasification: performance, process findings and energy analysis, Renew. Energy 33 (10) (2008) 2339-2343.

X. Wu, K. Li, F.Y. Song, X.F. Zhu, Fluidization behavior of biomass particles and its improvement in a cold visualized fluidized bed, Bioresources 12 (2) (2017) 3546-3559.

W.G. Lin, K. Dam-Johansen, F. Frandsen, Agglomeration in bio-fuel fired fluidized bed combustors, Chem. Eng. J. 96 (1-3) (2003) 171-185.

S.C. Saxena, A. Mathur, Minimum fluidization velocity at high temperatures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26 (4) (1987) 859-860.

J.S.M. Botterill, Y. Teoman, Y. Teoman, K.R. Yüregir, The effect of temperature on fluidized bed behaviour, Chem. Eng. Commun. 15 (1-4) (1982) 227-238.

A. Al-Farraji, H. Taofeeq, Effect of elevated temperature and silica sand particle size on minimum fluidization velocity in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28 (12) (2020) 2985-2992.

A. Anantharaman, R.A. Cocco, J.W. Chew, Evaluation of correlations for minimum fluidization velocity (U mf ) in gas-solid fluidization, Powder Technol. 323 (2018) 454-485.

J.G. Yates, Effects of temperature and pressure on gas-solid fluidization, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51 (2) (1996) 167-205.

B.C. Lippens, J. Mulder, Prediction of the minimum fluidization velocity, Powder Technol. 75 (1) (1993) 67-78.

S. Ergun, Fluid flow through packed columns, Chem. Eng. Prog. 48 (2) (1952) 89-94.

P. Bourgeois, P. Grenier, The ratio of terminal velocity to minimum fluidising velocity for spherical particles, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 46 (5) (1968) 325-328.

M. Leva, Fluid Flow Through Packed and Fluidized Systems, US Government Printing Office,1951.

B. Paudel, Z.G. Feng, Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for binary mixtures of biomass and inert particles, Powder Technol. 237 (2013) 134-140.

H.J. Subramani, M.B. Mothivel Balaiyya, L.R. Miranda, Minimum fluidization velocity at elevated temperatures for Geldart's group-B powders, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 32 (1) (2007) 166-173.

V. Thonglimp, N. Hiquily, C. Laguerie, Vitesse minimale de fluidisation et expansion des couches fluidisées par un gaz, Powder Technol. 38 (3) (1984) 233-253.

C.Y. Wen, Y.H. Yu, A generalized method for predicting the minimum fluidization velocity, AIChE J. 12 (3) (1966) 610-612.

S.Y. Wu, J. Baeyens, Effect of operating temperature on minimum fluidization velocity, Powder Technol. 67 (2) (1991) 217-220.

Z.P. Zhu, Y.J. Na, Q.G. Lu, Effect of pressure on minimum fluidization velocity, J. Therm. Sci. 16 (3) (2007) 264-269.

F. Zuiderweg, Design report on fluidization, in: Proceedings of International Symposium on Fluidization, AAH Drinkenburg,739 (1967).

R. Siegel, Effect of distributor plate-to-bed resistance ratio on onset of fluidized-bed chann eling, AIChE J. 22 (3) (1976) 590-592.

G. Olatunde, O. Fasina, T. Mcdonald, S. Adhikari, S. Duke, Moisture effect on fluidization behavior of loblolly pine Wood grinds, Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 7 (2) (2017) 207-220.

A. Srivastava, S. Sundaresan, Role of wall friction in fluidization and standpipe flow, Powder Technol. 124 (1-2) (2002) 45-54.

B. Formisani, R. Girimonte, L. Mancuso, Analysis of the fluidization process of particle beds at high temperature, Chem. Eng. Sci. 53 (5) (1998) 951-961.

P. Lettieri, J.G. Yates, D. Newton, The influence of interparticle forces on the fluidization behaviour of some industrial materials at high temperature, Powder Technol. 110 (1-2) (2000) 117-127.

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Effect of elevated temperature and silica sand particle size on minimum fluidization velocity in an atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed

Laminar flow of high-viscous non-Newtonian power-law and Bingham fluids in multiple structural bifurcation channel distributors: Flow patterns and pressure drop correlation

Pressure drop and gas holdup in an upward-flow fixed-bed reactor

Pressure drop force due to a non-closely fitting sphere settling along the central line in long rectangular tubes

A general pressure drop model based on liquid holdup of gas-liquid flow in micro-packed beds

Related Author

A. Al-Farraji

Haidar Taofeeq

Weikang Yuan

Ling Zhao

Zhenhao Xi

Wenze Guo

Yuning Zhou

Jie Jiang

Related Institution

Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad

Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, East China University of Science and Technology

Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology

⁰