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SCI和EI收录∣中国化工学会会刊
本期目录
2001年 第9卷 第1期 刊出日期:2001-03-28
    RESEARCH PAPERS
    复合引发剂存在下的氯乙烯聚合动力学
    潘祖仁, 单国荣, 翁志学, 黄志明
    . 2001, 9(1):  1-4.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1040KB) ( )  
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    Kinetic models for the rate constants of vinyl chloride polymerization in the presence of
    initiator mixtures were proposed. They may be used to design the initiator recipes for the
    vinyl chloride polymerization with uniform rate at different temperatures at which various
    grades of poly(vinyl chloride) will be prepared.
    中国在环境友好浸取过程方面的一些研究
    陈家镛, 张懿, 陆克源, 龚乾, 朱国才
    . 2001, 9(1):  5-11.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2026KB) ( )  
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    The newly developed green leaching processes for chromium, lead and gold
    extraction from ores or concentrates are described. The chromium is extracted from the iron
    chromite ore with fused sodium hydroxide at 500-550°C as sodium chromate. The galena in
    lead sulfide concentrate is converted into lead carbonate in ammonium or sodium carbonate
    solution at 50-80°C followed by the separation of lead carbonate formed from the
    unconverted sulfide ores by flotation. Gold associated with sulfide ore (such as pyrite and
    chalcopyrite) can be extracted into sodium thiosulfate solution without any pretreatment
    such as roasting, high pressure aqueous oxidation or bacteria pre-leaching.
    添加剂强化沸腾传热的综合评价及预测
    刘天庆, 孙相玉
    . 2001, 9(1):  12-16.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1284KB) ( )  
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    A model of evaluation and prediction of enhancement of boiling heat transfer with additives
    has been propoeed according to fuzzy fundamentals. Correlative appraisement of boiling heat
    transfer augmentation was done with the model based on 39 additives which were tested by
    the authors and other researchers. The results show that the evaluation of 35 additives is
    consistent with experiments, which means that the accuracy of the model is 89.7 percent. In
    addition, the prediction of the ability of boiling heat transfer enhancement with sodium
    oleate,polyethylene glycol and Tween-40 is also in good agreement with correspondent
    experiments.
    聚合物涂层竖板上水蒸气滴状冷凝传热特性的研究
    马学虎, 陈嘉宾, 徐敦颀, 林纪方
    . 2001, 9(1):  17-21.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1669KB) ( )  
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    The plasma polymerization method and dynamic ion-beam mixed implantation method were
    employed to coat ultra-thin polymer films on copper plates. Experiments indicated that
    steady dropwise condensation of steam at atmospheric pressure occurred. The condensation
    heat transfer coefficients increased by approximately 3 and 5-7 times for the
    polytrimethylvinylsilane film and polytetrafluoroethylene film respectively, compared with
    the value for film condensation under the same experimental conditions. The temperatures on
    the condensing surface and inside the test block were found to be rapidly and randomly
    fluctuated. The properties of the coated films and advantages of the methods used in this
    investigation were discussed briefly.
    扩散控制型混合药膜包膜体系缓释的数学模型
    张国亮, 石巍, 张凤宝, 刘瑛
    . 2001, 9(1):  22-27.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1458KB) ( )  
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    A release model for diffusion-controlled monolithic matrix coated with outer membrane
    system is proposed and solved by using the refined double integral method. The calculated
    results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental release data. The present model
    can be well used to describe the release process for all cd/cs values. In addition, the
    release effects of the monolithic matrix coated with outer membrane system are discussed
    theoretically.
    反置式间歇蒸馏塔的设计程序(Ⅰ)多组分理想物系
    许松林, Hector E. Salomone, Oscar A. Iribarren
    . 2001, 9(1):  28-33.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1510KB) ( )  
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    Inverted batch distillation colunm(stripper) is opposed to a conventional batch
    distillation column(rectifier). It has a storage vessel at the top and products leave the
    column at the bottom. The batch stripper is favourable to separate mixtures with a small
    amount of light components by removing the heavy components as bottom products. In this
    paper, we are presenting a shortcut procedure based on our earlier work for design and
    simulation of the inverted batch distillation column, which is equivalent to the Fenske-
    Underwood-Gilliland procedure for continuous distillation. Given a separation task, we
    propose to compute the minimum number of stages(Nbmin)and the minimum reboil ratio(Rbmin)
    required in a batch stripper,which are the stages and reboil ratio required in a
    hypothetical inverted batch distillation colnmn operating in total reboil ratio or having
    an infinite number of stages,respectively. Then, it is shown that the performance of
    inverted batch columns with a finite number of stages and reboil ratios could be correlated
    in Gilliland coordinates with the minimum stages Nbmin and the minimum reboil ratio Rbmin.
    分子模拟二氧化碳在狭缝炭微孔中的吸附
    周健, 汪文川
    . 2001, 9(1):  34-38.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1645KB) ( )  
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    Both the grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to
    investigate the adsorption and diffusion of carbon dioxide confined in a 1.86 nm slit
    carbon pore at 4 temperatures from subcritical (120 K) to supercritical (313 K) conditions.
    Layering transition, capillary condensation and adsorption hysteresis are found at 120 K.
    The microstructure of carbon dioxide fluid in the slit carbon pore is analyzed. The
    diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide parallel to the slit wall are significantly larger
    than those normal to the slit wall.
    芳香族羧酸溶解度的测定与关联
    马沛生, 夏清
    . 2001, 9(1):  39-44.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1811KB) ( )  
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    Solubility of benzoic acid, terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid in
    water, acetic acid, N,N-dimethyfformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and
    N-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine were measured by dynamic method. The solubilities were
    calculated by UNIFAC group contribution method, in which new groups, BCCOOH and NCCOOH,
    were introduced to express the activity coefficients of aromatic acids and new interaction
    parameters of the new groups were expressed as the function of temperature, which were
    determined from the experimental data. The new interaction parameters provided good
    calculated result. The experimental data were also correlated with Wilson and λ-h models,
    and results were compared with present UNIFAC model.
    一个基于NRTL方程的液体混合物表面张力模型
    李春喜, 汪文川
    . 2001, 9(1):  45-50.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1622KB) ( )  
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    A new equation for predicting surface tension is proposed based on the thermodynamic
    definition of surface tension and the expression of the Gibbs free energy of the system.
    Using the NRTL equation to represent the excess Gibbs free energy, a two-parameter surface
    tension equation is derived. The feasibility of the new equation has been tested in terms
    of 124 binary and 16 multicomponent systems(13-ternary and 3-quaternary) with absolute
    relative deviations of 0.59% and 1.55% respectively. This model is also predictive for the
    temperature dependence of surface tension of liquid mixtures. It is shown that, with good
    accuracy, this equation is simple and reliable for practical use.
    化工过程系统的柔性分析扩展算法
    徐强, 陈丙珍, 何小荣
    . 2001, 9(1):  51-57.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1975KB) ( )  
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    An extended algorithm of flexibility analysis with a local adjusting method for flexibility
    region of chemical processes, which is based on the active constraint strategy, is
    proposed, which fully exploits the flexibility region of the process system operation. The
    hyperrectangular flexibility region determined by the extended algorithm is larger than
    that calculated by the previous algorithms. The limitation of the proposed algorithm due to
    imperfect convexity and its corresponding verification measure are also discussed. Both
    numerical and actual chemical process examples are presented to demonstrate the
    effectiveness of the new algorithm.

    在高纯度理想热耦合精馏塔的双组分控制中考虑过程的非线性
    黄克谨, NAKAIWA Masaru, TAKAMATSU Takeichiro
    . 2001, 9(1):  58-64.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1822KB) ( )  
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    Dual-point composition control for a high-purity ideal heat integrated distillation column
    (HIDiC) is addressed in this work. Three measures are suggested and combined for overcoming
    process inherent nonlinearities:(1) variable scaling; (2) multi-model representation of
    process dynamics and (3) feedforward compensation. These strategies can offer the developed
    control systems with several distinct advantages: (1) capability of dealing with severe
    disturbances; (2) tight tuning of controller parameters and (3) high robustness with
    respect to variation of operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the
    effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
    预测气液分层流含气率及压降的模型
    李卫东, 李荣先, 陈永利, 周芳德
    . 2001, 9(1):  65-69.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1233KB) ( )  
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    The time-dependent liquid film thickness and pressure drop were measured by using parallel
    -wire conductance probes and capacitance differential-preesure transducers. Applying the
    eddy viscosity theory and an appropriate correlation of interfacial sear stress,a new two-
    dimensional separated model of holdup and pressure drop of turbulent/turbulent gas-liquid
    stratified flow was presented. Prediction results agreed well with experimental data.
    加长循环流化床提升管中加速段长度的实验研究
    黄卫星, 祝京旭
    . 2001, 9(1):  70-76.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2285KB) ( )  
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    Systematic experimental work was conducted to investigate the solid acceleration length in
    a 16m long circulating fluidized bed riser with fluid cracking catalyst particles over a
    wide range of operating conditions. A more feasible method is proposed to determine the
    acceleration length from the measured axial profiles of pressure gradient (or apparent
    solid holdup). With this new method and large amount of experimental data, a clear picture
    on the variation of the acceleration length with both solid circulating rate and
    superficial gas velocity is obtained.It is found that the acceleration length increases
    generally with increasing solid flow rate and/or decreasing gas velocity. However, the
    trend in variation of the acceleration length with operating conditions are quite different
    in different operation ranges. Reasonable explanations are suggested for the observed
    variation patterns of acceleration length.
    用激光多普勒测速计(LDA)分析粘弹性对Metzner和Otto系数的影响
    M. Jahangiri, M. R. Golkar-Narenji, N. Montazerin, S. Savarmand
    . 2001, 9(1):  77-83.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2315KB) ( )  
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    The Metzner and Otto correlation is the single practical method for incorporating non-
    Newtonian effects in the mixing process. In this article, the Metzner and Otto’ s idea, the
    role of viscoelasticity on the Metzner and Otto coefficient, ks, effects of flow regime on
    ks and the determination of ks for Rushton turbine impeller have been studied using the
    direct method of the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) velocity meusurement for the case of
    viscoelastic liquids. The normalized mean tangential velocity profiles are independent of
    Rushton turbine impeller speeds. Contrary to literature findings, it is shown that the
    variation of local shear rate against the impeller speed is better correlated by the power
    equation, i.e. = ks'. Nb', in the transition region, i.e. ~ 30 < Re <~ 2000.Also, a
    correlation between improved coefficient, ks', and the elasticity number of viscoelastic
    liquids is given which is very helpful in designing of the mixing of both viscoelastic and
    inelastic non-Newtonian fluids through relating rheological properties to kinematical and
    dynamical parameters of the mixing process.
    费-托合成鼓泡浆态反应器的湍流区双气泡模型
    吕朝晖, 赵玉龙, 赵亮富
    . 2001, 9(1):  84-89.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1607KB) ( )  
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    A model for a bubble column slurry reactor is developed based on the experiment of
    Rhenpreussen Koppers demonstration plant for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
    reported by Koelble et al. This model is applicable to the operation in the churn-turbulent
    regime and incorporates the information on the bubble size. The axial dispersion model is
    adopted to describe the flow characteristics of the Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor. With
    the model developed, simulations are performed to identify the steady state behavior of a
    Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor of commercial size. Predictions of the two-bubble class
    model is compared with that of the conventional single- bubble class model. The results
    show that under a variety of conditions, the two-bubble class model gives results different
    from those for the single-bubble class model.
    乙酸与甲醇的催化酯化
    Sah Ismail Kirbaslar, Halit Zafer Terzioglu, Umur Dramur
    . 2001, 9(1):  90-96.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (2042KB) ( )  
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    Esterification of methyl alcohol with acetic acid catalysed by Amberlyst-15 (cation-
    exchange resin) was carried out in a batch reactor in the temperature ranging between 318-
    338 K, at atmospheric pressure. The reaction rate increased with increase in catalyst
    concentration and reaction temperature, but decreased with an increase in water
    concentration. Stirrer speed had virtually no effect on the rate under the experimental
    conditions. The rate data were correlated with a second-order kinetic model based on
    homogeneous reaction. The apparent activation energy was found to be 22.9kJ.mo1-1 for the
    formation of methyl acetate. The methyl acetate production was carried out aa batch and
    continuous in a packed bed restive distillation column with high purity methyl acetate
    produced.
    RESEARCH NOTES
    真菌细胞壁结构性多糖与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应研究
    张诚, 孟琴, 吕德伟
    . 2001, 9(1):  97-99.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (929KB) ( )  
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    Acrylic acid was graft-copolymerized onto Rhi. oryzae’s cell wall structural polysacchaxide
    directly and efficiently in aqueous solution with ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The
    maximal grafting percentage of 135.5% was obtained under the condition of [Ce4+]=5mmol.L
    -1, [AA]=1mol.L-1, T=60°C and t=3h. Graft copolymerization was suggested to proceed
    through free radical reaction mechanism. Grafting occurred primarily on chitosan. Acrylic
    acid was also attempted to be grafted onto Asp. niger cell wall structural polysaccharide,
    and only 44.2% of grafting percentage was resulted.
    含多个化学反应体系热力学中的元素组成法
    林金清, 李浩然, 韩世钧
    . 2001, 9(1):  100-104.  doi:
    摘要 ( )  
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    When species in the solution undergo multiple chemical reactions, the solution may be
    treated as a solution of all species actually present or as a hypothetical solution
    composed of elemental species. Based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle, the
    relationships of mole numbers, molar fractions, thermodynamic properties, partial molar
    properties, potential and fugacity between the hypothetical solution of elemental species
    and the equilibrated solution of actual species were derived. The hypothetical elemental
    solution provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem, simplifying the analysis
    and visualizing the phase behavior.
    利用固定化L-天冬酰氨酶进行血液净化治疗白血病的数学模型研究
    金浩, 方波, 江体乾, 王铎林, 周仕江
    . 2001, 9(1):  105-109.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1434KB) ( )  
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    Plasma was purified in an immobilized L-asparaginase column. The predicted results are in
    good agreement with experimental data. It is indicated that the mathematical model is
    suitable for the mass transfer and reaction of blood purification.
    基于实验等温线确定超临界气体绝对吸附量的数学方法
    周理, 周亚平
    . 2001, 9(1):  110-115.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1709KB) ( )  
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    A mathematical method was proposed for the determination of absolute adsorption from
    experimental isotherms. The method is based on the numerical equality of the absolute and
    the excess adsorption when either the gas phase density or the amount adsorbed is not quite
    considerable. The initial part of the experimental isotherms, which represents the absolute
    adsorption, became linear with some mathematical manipulations. The linear isotherms were
    reliably formulated. As consequence, either the volume or the density of the supercritical
    adsorbate could be determined by a non-empirical way. This method was illustrated by the
    adsorption data of supercritical hydrogen and methane on a superactivated carbon in large
    ranges of temperature and pressure.
    垂直管中管径突变对空气-水两相流流型的影响(Ⅰ)突缩接头
    杨英珍, 李广军, 周芳德, 陈学俊
    . 2001, 9(1):  116-119.  doi:
    摘要 ( )   PDF (1330KB) ( )  
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    Flow patterns upstream and downstream of a sudden-contraction cross-section in a vertical
    straight pipe were presented. By comparing with flow patterns in uniform croes-section
    vertical tubes, the effect of the sudden change in pipe diameter on flow patterns was
    analyzed. Flow pattern transition mechanisms were discussed and transition criteria for
    flow pattern transitions were deduced accordingly using the dimensional analysis.